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Drugs (Narcotics, Psychotropic Substances and Additives)
I. INTRODUCTION:
Drug or drug is a substance / substances that can affect the mental state / psychological one (thoughts, feelings and behavior) and can cause physical and psychological dependence. Are included in the drug are: Narcotics, Psychotropic and Other Addictive Substances.
NARCOTICS:

According to Law No. 22/1997, Narcotics are: substances or drugs derived from plant or not plant either synthetic or semisintetis which can cause degradation or alteration of consciousness, loss of taste, reduce to eliminate pain, and can lead to dependence. Narcotics consists of 3 groups:
1. Group I: Drugs that can only be used for the purpose of development of science and is not used in the therapy, as well as having a very high potential cause dependence. Example: Heroin, Cocaine, Ganja.
2. Group II: Narcotics efficacious treatment, used as a last resort and can be used in the treatment and / or for the purpose of development of science as well as having a high potential cause dependence. Example: Morphine, Pethidine.
3. Class III: Narcotics are efficacious treatment and is widely used in the treatment and / or destination pengebangan science and has the potential to cause mild dependence. Example: Codeine.
PSYCHOTROPIC:

According to Law No. 5/1997, psychotropic is: a substance or drug, either natural or synthetic non-narcotic, a potent psychoactive through selective effects on the central nervous system that causes typical changes in mental activity and behavior.
Psychotropic consists of 4 groups:
1. Group I: Psychotropic which can only be used for scientific purposes and not used in the therapy, as well as having strong potential cause dependence syndrome. Example: Ecstasy.
2. Group II: Psychotropic medication is efficacious and can be used dalan therapy and / or for the purpose of science as well as having strong potential cause dependence syndrome. Example: Amphetamine.
3. Class III: Psychotropic medication is efficacious and widely used in the treatment and / or for the purpose of science as well as being potentially lead to dependence syndrome. Examples: Phenobarbital.
4. Group IV: Psychotropic medication is efficacious and very widely used in the treatment and / or for the purposes of science and has the potential to cause mild dependence syndrome. Example: Diazepam, nitrazepam (BK, DUM).
Addictives OTHER:
Which includes other addictive substances are: materials / substances outside the psychoactive effect of Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances, include:
1. Beverage Alcohol: ethyl alcohol contains ethanol, which depress the central nervous system effect, and often part of daily human life - the day in a particular culture. If used in conjunction with narcotics or psychotropic would strengthen the influence of drugs / substances that the human body. There are 3 categories of alcoholic beverages:
a. Class A: grade ethanol 1-5% (Beer).
b. Group B: ethanol content 5-20% (range of wine)
c. Class C: ethanol content 20-45% (Whisky, Vodca, Manson House, Johny Walker).
2. Inhalation (gas is inhaled) and solvents (solvent) in the form of volatile organic compounds, which are found in a variety of household goods, office, and as a lubricant for machinery. Are often misused are: Lem, Tiner, Nail Polish Remover, Gasoline.
3. Tobacco: nicotine-containing tobacco use is very widespread in the community. In drug prevention efforts in the community, the use of cigarettes and alcohol, especially in adolescents, should be part of prevention efforts, because cigarettes and alcohol are often the entrances other harmful drug use.
Based on its effect on behavior caused by drugs can be classified into 3 groups:
1. Depressants group (Downer). Is a type of drug which serves to reduce the functional activity of the body. This makes the wearer a kind of calm and even make falling asleep even unconscious. For example: opioda (Morphine, Heroin, Codeine), sedatives (tranquilizers), hypnotic (sleep medicine) and tranquilizers (anti-anxiety).
2. Stimulants class (Upper). Is a type of drug that stimulates the function of the body and heighten the excitement of the work. This type of usage menbuat be active, fresh and vibrant. Example: Amphetamine (Shabu, Ecstasy), cocaine.
3. Hallucinogens class. Is a type of drug that can cause hallucinogenic effects that are changing feelings, thoughts, and often creates a different perspective so that the whole feeling of be disrupted. Example: Cannabis (marijuana).
II. Drug ABUSE:
In the community drug / drugs are commonly abused are:
1. Opiada, there are 3 major golonagan:
a. Opioda natural (Opiates): Morphine, Opium, Codeine.
b. Semisynthetic opioda: Heroin / putauw, Hidromorfin.
c. Synthetic opioda: Methadone.
Street name of putauw: PTW, black heroin, brown sugar.
Pure heroin is a white powder, while not pure white colored gray.
Opium poppy is produced from the sap is processed into morphine putauw generated by a particular process, which powers 10 times over synthetic opioda morfin.Sedangkan have strength 400 times stronger than morphine. Morphine, Codeine, methadone is a substance that is used by doctors as a very strong pain relievers, for example on opreasi, people with cancer.
Reactions from the use of this very quickly, which led to a feeling of wanting to be alone to enjoy the taste and the effect on the level of addiction users will lose confidence to not have the desire to socialize. User will form his own world, they feel that the environment becomes an enemy.
2. Cocaine:

Cocaine is a white crystalline, slightly bitter taste and more soluble Street Name: coca, coke, happy dust, Chalie, srepet, snow / snow. Method of usage: a pile of cocaine divided into several parts lined up straight on the surface of glass or flat base surface is then inhaled by using a vacuum like suction or by fire along with tobacco. The use of a risk by inhaled dry and wound around the inside of the nostrils.
Effects of cocaine usage: users will feel refreshed, loss of appetite, increase confidence, and can relieve pain and fatigue.
3. Cannabis:

Street name: smoking a joint, marijuana, some pot, hasish, marijuana, grass, bhang.
Derived from the plant Cannabis sativa or Cannabis indica.
How to use: smoked cigarettes resemble compacted by using a pipe or cigarette.
Feeling the effects of cannabis has been rapid, users tend to feel more relaxed, excessive joy (euphoria), often fantasize / menghayal, active communication, high appetite, sensitive, dry mouth and throat.
4. Amphetamine:

Street name: seed, meth, crystal, whiz.
The shape is there in the form of white powder and gray as well as tablets. How to use: inhaled way. While the form of tablets taken with water.
There are 2 types of Amphetamine:
a. MDMA (methylene dioxy methamphetamine) Street name: Inex, xtc. Packaged in the form of tablets and capsules. b. Methamphetamine ice Street name: SHABU, SS, ice.
How to use burnt by using aluminum foil or burned and the smoke inhaled by using a specially designed glass bottles (boong).
5. LSD (Lysergic Acid).

Included in the class of hallucinogens.
Street names: acid, trips, tabs, paper.
Forms: regular size paper obtained in the form of a small box for a quarter of stamps in many colors and images. There is also a form of pills and capsules.
How to use: put LSD on the surface of the tongue, and react after 30-60 minutes later, disappeared after 8-12 hours.
Flavor effects: hallucinations space, color, and time causing a very beautiful obsession and even creepy and old - old to make its use paranoid.
6. Sedative - hypnotics (benzodiazepines):

Belonged to the sedative substances (tranquilizers) and hypnotics (sleeping pills). Street Name: Benzodiazepines: BK, Dum, Lexo, MG, Rohyp. How to use: by mouth, injected, or inserted through the anus. Used in the medical field to treat patients who experience anxiety, seizures, stress, as well as a sleeping pill.
7. SOLVENT / inhalation:

Vapor is the gas used by inhaled. Examples: Aerosol, Glue, Content lighters, Tiner, Fluid for dry cleaning, gasoline vapor.
Usually used in a way try - try by minors, the disadvantaged groups.
Effects: dizziness, spinning heads, mild hallucinations, nausea, vomiting, impaired lung function, heart and liver.
8. ALCOHOL:

Is a psychoactive substance that is often used by humans Obtained from the fermentation of honey, sugar, fruit juice and root - root which result in alcohol content not more than 15%, after the distillation process is carried out to produce a higher alcohol content, even 100%.
Street names: booze, drink. Effects: euphoria, and even loss of consciousness
III. ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

Penyalahguanaan are: the use of one or more types of regular drug or medical indications outside regularly, giving rise to physical health problems, psychological and social dysfunction.
Dependency is: a state in which there has been a physical and psychological dependence, so that the body requires a growing number of drugs (tolerance), if use is reduced or dismissed there will be withdrawal symptoms (withdrawal symptoms).
# Drug ABUSE CAUSE

The causes are complex due to the interaction of various factors:
1. Individual factors:

Most started as a teenager, because adolescents are changing biological, psychological and social rapidly. Traits - characteristics of adolescents who have a greater risk of drug use:
a. Tend to rebel
b. Have another mental disorder, such as: depression, anxiety.
c. Behavior that deviates from the existing rules or norms
d. Lack of confidence
e. Easily frustrated, aggressive and destructive
f. Moody, shy, reticent
g. Feeling bored and tired
h. The desire to have fun - fun excessive
i. Desire to mencaoba that is in fashion
j. Blurred identity
k. Poor communication skills
l. Dropouts
m. Less living the faith and trust.
2. Environmental Factors:

Environmental factors include family factors and social environment both around the home, school, peers, and community.
Family environment:
a. Communication of parents and children are less well
b. Less harmonious relationship
c. Parents are divorced, remarried
d. Parents too busy, indifferent
e. Authoritarian parents
f. Lack personifies in his life
g. Lack of religious life.
School Environment:
a. Schools lack discipline
b. Schools located near entertainment venues
c. Less school provides students with opportunities to develop themselves creatively and positively
d. The existence of student drug users.
Environmental Peers:

a. Friends with abusers
b. Pressure or threats from a friend.
Peoples Environmental / Social:
a. Weak law enforcement b. Political situation, less social and economic support.
Factors - factors mentioned above does not always make a person would become drug abusers. But more and more factors - factors above, the more likely a person become drug abusers.
# ABUSE Drug Clinical Symptoms:
1. Physical changes:

- At the time of drug use: stagger, talk pelo (slurred), apathy (indifference), sleepy, aggressive.
- When there is excess dose (overdose): shortness of breath, slow heart rate and pulse, cold clammy skin, and even death.
- We're addicted (sakau): red eyes, runny nose, yawning constantly, diarrhea, pain all over the body, lazy bath, seizures, decreased consciousness.
- Long-term Effects: unhealthy appearance, does not care about the health and hygiene, tooth loss, needle mark on the arm.
2. Changes in attitudes and behavior:

- Achievement in school decreased, not homework, play truant, lazy, irresponsible.
- Altered sleep patterns, staying up late, difficult to wake the morning, sleepy in the classroom or workplace.
- Frequent travel frequently until late at night, sometimes not come home without permission.
- Often confined himself, linger - long in the bathroom, evade met with other family members.
- Often gets a call and visited by people who are not recognized by other family members.
- Often lie, ask a lot of money for various reasons but it is not clear use, take and sell own valuables or the family, stealing, violence and often involved dealing with the police.
- Often be very emotional, irritable, grumpy, rude, hostile pencurigaan, closed and secretive.
# EFFECT OF ABUSE Drug
Drug effect on the human body and its environment:
1. Medical Complications: usually used in large numbers and long enough. Effect on: a. Brain and central nervous system:
- Memory disorders - Impaired attention / concentration - Disruption to act rationally - Gagguan perserpsi causing hallucinations - Disorders of motivation, so lazy school or work - Impaired self-control, making it difficult to distinguish good / bad.
b. Respiratory tract: pneumonia can occur (Bronchopnemonia). swelling of the lungs (pulmonary edema) c. Heart: inflammation of the heart muscle, heart blood vessel constriction. d. Liver: Hepatitis B and C happen is transmitted through needles, sexual intercourse.
e. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and HIV / AIDS.
Known drug users with high-risk sexual behavior, they want to have sex to get money to buy a substance or substances. Sexually Transmitted Diseases that occur are: gonorrhea (GO), syphilis (syphilis) etc.. And also drug users who use needles together - together make up the spread of HIV / AIDS is increasing. HIV / AIDS is transmitted through needles and sexual intercourse, in addition to transmission through blood transfusion and from mother to fetus.
f. Reproductive system: frequent sterility.
g. Skin: There are injections used for users who use needles, so they often use long sleeves.
h. Complications in pregnancy:
- Mom: anemia, vaginal infections, hepatitis, AIDS. - Content: abortion, poisoning pregnancy, stillbirth - Fetus: growth retardation, premature, low birth weight.
2. Social Impact:
a. In Family Environment:
· The atmosphere is comfortable and at ease in a disturbed family, frequent fights, irritable.
· Parents often fret because valuables missing.
· Conduct deviant / asocial child (lying, stealing, disorderly, free life) and a family disgrace.
· Dropped out of school or unemployed, because expelled from school or work, thereby undermining family life, financial difficulties.
· The parents become desperate because of increased spending money for medical expenses and rehabilitation.
b. In the School Environment:
· Destructive discipline and motivation to learn.
· Increased acts of delinquency, truancy, student brawls.
· Influencing increased penyalahguanaan amongst peers.
c. In the Community Environment:
· Chick black market between dealers and dealers are looking for users / prey.
· Dealers or dealers use an intermediary teenagers or students who have become dependent.
· Increased crime in society: robbery, theft, murder so that society became restless.
· Increased accidents.
# Drug ABUSE PREVENTION MEASURES:
Prevention efforts include 3 things:
1. Primary prevention: recognizing high-risk teenagers and drug abuse intervention.
This effort is mainly done to identify adolescents who have a high risk for abusing drugs, after the intervention for them not to use drugs.
These prevention efforts made since the early age of the child, so that factors that can menghabat process of child development can be addressed properly.
2. Secondary Prevention: treat and interventions that are no longer using drugs.
3. Tertiary prevention: rehabilitation of drug abuse.
Which can be done in a family environment to prevent drug abuse:
1. With good parenting.
- Lovingly - Good discipline - Teach distinguish good and bad - Develop independence, responsibility gives freedom - Develop self-esteem, appreciate if doing good or reaching certain achievements.
2. Create a warm and friendly atmosphere This makes the child's longing to go home. 3. Take the time for togetherness. 4. Parents set a good example. Parents who smoke would be a bad example for children. 5. Develop good communication Two-way communication, being open and honest, listen to and respect the opinions of children.
6. Strengthen religious life. The emphasis is not only religious rituals, but rather reinforce moral values ​​embodied in religion and apply it in daily life - today. 7. Parents understand the problem of drug abuse in order to discuss with the child
Conducted in the school environment for the prevention of drug abuse:
1. Efforts to students:
· Provide education to the students about the dangers and consequences of drug abuse.
· Involve students in planning prevention and control of drug abuse in schools.
· Establish a positive self-image and develop positive skills to remain drug use and avoidance of smoking.
· Provide choice of activities that are meaningful to students (extracurricular).
· Reinforce guidance konseling.Membantu students who have abused drugs to be able to stop it.
· Application of religious life in the day - day.
2. Efforts to prevent drug trafficking in schools:
· Raids by way of inspection
· Prohibit unauthorized persons to enter the school environment
· Prohibit students out of school during school hours without teacher permission
· Fostering good cooperation with various parties.
· Improve child oversight since it came up with the home school.
3. Efforts to foster school environments:
· Creating an atmosphere of healthy school environment by fostering harmonious huibungan between educators and students.
· Promote regular attendance of teachers in schools
· Attitude is very important exemplary teacher
· Improve child oversight from the entrance to the school.
Conducted in communities to prevent drug penyalahguanaan:
1. Fosters a feeling of togetherness in the area of ​​residence, so that problems that occur in the environment can be solved together.
2. Provide outreach to the community about drug penyalahguanaan so that people can realize it.
3. Providing information about the law relating to drugs.
4. Involve all elements of society in implementing prevention and control of drug penyalahguanaan.
IV. CONCLUSION
Penyalahguanaan problem DRUGS / drug especially in adolescents are especially worrisome threat to families in particular and the nation in general. The influence of drugs is very poor, both in terms of personal health, and social impacts they cause.
Prevention of drug abuse problem is not the task of the group of people only, but to our common task. Drug abuse prevention efforts are done early is good, of course, with enough knowledge about the response.
Role of parents in the family and also the role of educators in the school is great for combating the drug prevention....